Companies pay attention to the value level of financial flexibility in making decisions related to optimizing investments and applying their net working capital policies. This issue will make profitable investment opportunities for companies more efficient and enable companies to gain more efficiency, as well as apply more optimal policies to keep cash. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of financial flexibility value and financial constraint on the speed of adjustment of net working capital, as well as the effect of financial constraint on the relationship between the value of financial flexibility and the speed of adjustment of net working capital in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The appropriate pattern recognition test in combined data indicates the use of the regression model of the research using the panel data method with the fixed and random effects approach for the panel and pooled data patterns to estimate the regression model. The statistical sample includes 100 companies accepted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 2005 to 2020. The findings indicate that the value of financial flexibility has a positive and significant effect on the speed of adjustment of net working capital in the models of partial adjustments and error correction. Financial constraint has a positive and significant effect on the speed of net working capital adjustment, and it also has a positive and significant effect on the relationship between the value of financial flexibility and the speed of net working capital adjustment.

Financial performance measurement has been known as an important tool for assessing and guiding strategies, projects, and strategic decisions of organizations. Since assessment of financial performance is multidimensional, dynamic, and time-dependent, system dynamics approach is used in this study. Considering a 15-year horizon, this study, using this approach and application Vensim DSS software models and simulates the performance of the financial system of a sand and gravel firm (private joint stock company) which is going to increase its productive capacity. The main purpose of this study is to assess and analyze the investment project for increasing productive capacity and its cost effectiveness. On the other hand, receivable and payable accounts are analyzed and assessed to improve the performance of the financial system. The results suggest that increasing the productive capacity is affordable project. Further, aggressive and moderate scenarios for management of receivable and payable accounts in current situation and conservative and moderate scenarios in increasing productive capacity situation lead to an increase in the financial system variables. Financial experts can use this model as a tool for supporting the company’s development programs and for managing the performance of its financial system.

Cash is the important resources of every economic entity. Maintaining the balance between cash and cash needs is an important factor in economic health of the economic entities, as well as their continuity. Considering the importance of this issue, the present study deals with investigating of the cash holding motives, models that justify cash holding, and factors affecting that, particularly the market share. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between market share and cash holding in the competitive market environment of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. Hence, Schoubben and Van Hulle dynamic cash model has been used for 114 selected companies for a time period of 2004 to 2012. This model is analyzed by the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). This study is a basic experimental research and regarding the nature of this paper, it is a correlational one. Results of this study reveal that there is a significant negative relationship between market share and cash holdings and also shows that this relationship is of greater significance among moderately concentrated industries (industries with oligopolistic competitions).

Human resources is a key factor in the development of societies. Along with other productive resources and capital, the human capital is also important. The People are more educated and better trained and have better health, greater efficiency and higher production have. On the other hand the importance of economic development and modernization of social event marriages in communities always been considered.Because changes in lifestyle and new needs created over time can lead to changes in the quality of human behavior is Which in turn changes in various aspects of family life, such as marriage and make the continuation of marital life and this requires continuous and detailed study of this crucial event in each time in different societies. In this regard, the main objective of this thesis examines the impact of human capital on the net marriage in Semnan province. The results of the model estimation by OLS for the period 1393-1366 shows that the number of native admitted to universities and higher education institutions as an indicator of human capital has a positive and significant influence on the net Marriage province.

The net profit of any business entity for a particular time period can be conceptualized as the final outcome of its investing, financing and operating activities. These activities are influenced by Management’s decisions and several internal and external environmental factors. This paper investigates how profitability of firms, for 125 public limited companies listed at Tehran Stock Exchange for a period of 2006-2013, is influenced by working capital management and capital structure of firms. The dependent variable is Earning before Interest and Taxes (EBIT) as a measure of profitability. The independent variable are current ratio (as representative of the result of working capital management policy) and financial leverage (as the bench mark for capital structure). Supplementary variable were also undertaken to assess the impact of operating leverage and firm size on profitability. The regression results show that negative relationship between the Profitability measures of firms and Current Ratio and a posetive relationship between the profitability measures of firms and degree of Financial Leverage.

Objective Working capital management is a vital part of corporates' financial management, which is also related to profitability and reflects the financial health of the company. Since Iran's business environment, as well as its prevailing economic and political conditions, are different from some other countries, it was decided to specifically examine how to manage working capital in Iran qualitatively. Methods In this study, a qualitative content analysis method and in-depth interview tools were used and for this purpose, 26 board members, managers, deputies and financial advisors of companies in 10 listed industries of Tehran Stock Exchange were interviewed. Results In this study, in addition to the factors affecting working capital management (external factors including: global commodity prices, macroeconomic factors, political conditions, the role of government, suppliers, industry; and internal factors including: financial factors, corporate governance mechanisms, board of directors, Company credibility, type of goods, type of sales, dividends policy, production volume, company's credit policy, non-systematic risk, company's life, geographical location) and consequences of optimal working capital management (improving liquidity, increasing profitability, developing market share, improving Company's credibility, company's survival), some factors such as background conditions (economic structures, cultural structures and state's actions) and strategies to improve optimal working capital management (management, board structure, establishing risk committee, budget forecasting, financial regulation for each Industry, conducting internal audits and operational audits, industry's partnerships with universities and scientific centers, and conducting analytical work) are provided. Obstacles and problems that industries and companies encounter in Iran for the optimal implementation of working capital management are also presented. Conclusion According to the research findings, the most influential factor on working capital management is made by the economic and political conditions of the country and the role of the government, which can be provided by developing long-term economic plans according to the political and economic conditions of the country. Besides, research findings also provide managers and financial deputies with a broader perspective for optimal working capital management.

The reason that most bankruptcy corporations’ does not succeed is the unfavorable status and improper management of working capital. These corporations have good financial status in the long run, but because of incompetent working capital, are not able to compete with other corporations’ and they expelled. Profit units are able to affect corporations’ rate of cash by applying various policies in relation to working capital management. These strategies can affect rate of risk and their return. The present study survey the affect of policies of corporations’ working capital over the rare of Companies risk.The Population in this research has the financial statements of accepted companies in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). In order to analyze data, panel analyzes and ANOVA were used. To measure the corporations’ risk Beta criteria was considered.The results of this research reveal that, there is a significant and positive relationship between the policies of working capital and corporations’ risk. Other findings of the present research show that there is a significant and positive relationship between corporations’ size and risk.

One of the challenges face corporate managers in the world is how working capital and growth opportunities influences capital structure of their companies. Show this problem for all company managers and other decision-makers in finance will be effective. The main purpose of this research is the assessment of the effect working capital and the growth opportunity on capital structure of accepted companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this research, the number of 107 companies in Tehran Stock Exchange has been examined during the period of 2009 until 2015. In order to test these hypotheses, we used Multiple-regression model for combined data. The results of research suggested that there was significant correlation between the financial leverage and sales growth rate, dividend growth rate, structural health ratio, debtor-sales ratio, liquidity ratio. In addition, no significant correlation between financial leverage and net income growth rate, inventory-sales ratio, cash-sales ratio, creditor-sales ratio, current asset-sales ratio.